Following the war, Chipman settled in Washington, D.C. Upon the establishment of a territorial form of government for the District of Columbia he was appointed the government's secretary, and subsequently was elected as a Republican to the House, serving from April 21, 1871 until March 3, 1875. He then moved to California in 1876 and engaged in the lumber business.
He wsas a member of the California State Board of Trade and served as its president. He was appointed a commissioner of the Supreme Court of California and as a presiding justice of the District Court of Appeals for the third district in 1905. He served until his resignation on December 18, 1922.
He died in San Francisco, California, and was intered in Cypress Lawn Cemetery.