Born at Le Havre, Normandy, in northern France, she is said to have been very plain as well as without fortune, but she was very well educated. Establishing herself at Paris with her brother, she was at once admitted to the Rambouillet coterie, and afterwards established a salon of her own under the title of the Soci??du samedi. For the last half of the 17th century, under the pseudonym of "Sapho" or her own name, was acknowledged as the first blue-stocking of France and of the world. She formed a close friendship with Pellisson which was only ended by his death in 1693.
Her lengthy novels, such as Artam?e, ou le Grand Cyrus (10 vols. 1648-1653), Cl?ie (10 vols. 1654-1661), Ibrahim, ou l'illustre Bassa (4 vols. 1641), Almahide, ou l'esclave reine (8 vols. 1661-1663) were the delight of all Europe, including persons of the wit and sense of Paul Scarron and his wife (afterwards Mme de Maintenon); and in the description of Sapho in vol. x. of Le Grand Cyrus the author paints herself. It is in Cl?ie that the famous Carte du Tendre appeared, a description of an Arcadia, where the river of Inclination waters the villages of Billet Doux, Petits Soins and so forth.
The interminable length of the stories results from endless conversations and, as far as incidents go, chiefly by successive abductions of the heroines, conceived and told decorously. Although the books are hardly read now, it is still possible to understand their success. In the early days of the novel, prolixity was not a fault. "Sapho" had studied mankind in her contemporaries and knew how to analyse and describe their characters with fidelity and wit. Her novels had the interest always attaching to the roman ?clef. She was a skilled conversationalist, a thing quite new to the age as far as literature was concerned. She had a distinct vocation as a pedagogue, and is compared by Sainte-Beuve to Mme de Genlis. She could moralize - a favourite employment of the time - with sense and propriety. Though she was incapable of the exquisite prose of Mme de Sevign?and some other of her contemporaries, her purely literary merits were considerable.
Madeleine survived her brother by more than thirty years, and in her later days published numerous volumes of conversations, to a great extent extracted from her novels, thus forming a kind of anthology of her work. She outlived her vogue to some extent, but retained a circle of friends to whom she was always the "incomparable Sapho."
Her Life and Correspondence were published at Paris by MM. Rathery and Boutron in 1873.
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