Hiss?e Habr?/title><meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../wikistatic.css"></head> <body bgcolor='#FFFFFF'> <div id=topbar><table width='98%' border=0><tr><td><a href="http://www.wacklepedia.com/" title="Wacklepedia">Wacklepedia Home Page</a> | <a href="Hiss?e_Habr? title="Hiss?e Habr?></a></b> | <a href="../../abc.html">Index</a></td> <td align=right nowrap></td></tr></table></div> <br> <div id=article2><div align="right"><table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse" align="right"><tr> </tr></table></div><h1>Hiss?e Habr?/h1><strong>Hiss?e Habr?/strong>, also spelled <strong>Hissen Habr?/strong>, was the brutal leader of <A HREF="../../c/ch/chad.html" title="Chad">Chad</A> from <A HREF="../../1/19/1982.html" title="1982">1982</A> until he was deposed on <A HREF="../../1/19/1990.html" title="1990">1990</A>. <p> <p><table border="0" id="toc"><tr><td align="center"> <b>Table of contents</b> </td></tr><tr id='tocinside'><td align="left"> <div style="margin-left:2em;"> </div> </div> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#The Early Years">1 The Early Years</A><BR> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#Habr? Prime Minister">2 Habr? Prime Minister</A><BR> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#The Dictator and the Civil War">3 The Dictator and the Civil War</A><BR> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#The Defeat of Qaddafi and Fall of Habr?>4 The Defeat of Qaddafi and Fall of Habr?/A><BR> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#Human Rights">5 Human Rights</A><BR> </td></tr></table><P> <A NAME="The Early Years"><H2>The Early Years</H2> Habr?was born on born in <A HREF="../../1/19/1942.html" title="1942">1942</A> in Chad. He was member of the now-extinct political party Forces Arm?s Nationale du Tchad (Armed Forces of Chad, FANT).<p> <A NAME="Habr? Prime Minister"><H2>Habr? Prime Minister</H2> The Republic of Chad had remained loyal to Charles de Gaulle's Free French movement during World War II, and was awarded autonomy on 20 November 1928. On 11 August 1960 it became fully independent from France.<p> <A HREF="../../f/fr/francois__ngarta__tombalbaye.html" title="Fran?is (Ngarta) Tombalbaye">Fran?is Tombalbaye</A> became president and prime minister of Chad (on <A HREF="../../a/au/august_30.html" title="August 30">30 August</A>, <A HREF="../../1/19/1973.html" title="1973">1973</A> he changed his name to N'Garta Tombalbaye). On <A HREF="../../a/ap/april_30.html" title="April 30">30 April</A>, <A HREF="../../1/19/1975.html" title="1975">1975</A>, F?ix Malloum led a coup d'?at against Tombalbaye and deposed him, assuming the posts of prime minister and president. <p> On <A HREF="../../a/au/august_29.html" title="August 29">29 August</A>, <A HREF="../../1/19/1978.html" title="1978">1978</A>, Habr?was given the post of prime minister of Chad. His term ended, however, a year later, when Malloum's government ended. Elections brought Goukouni Oueddei to the presidency. <p> <A NAME="The Dictator and the Civil War"><H2>The Dictator and the Civil War</H2> Oueddei fell on 7 Jun, <A HREF="../../1/19/1982.html" title="1982">1982</A>, when he was deposed by Hiss?e Habr? The FANT leader became president, and the post of prime minister was abolished. Any political opponent of Habr?was brutally executed. Habr?created the feared police, the Documentation and Security Directorate (DSD). Thousands of tribes Habr?thought hostile to the regime was destroyed.<p> <A HREF="../../l/li/libya.html" title="Libya">Libya</A> invaded Chad on July 1975 to drive out Habr? Libya occupied and annexed the Aozou Strip. <A HREF="../../f/fr/france_1.html" title="France">France</A> and the <A HREF="../../u/un/united_states.html" title="United States">United States</A> aided Chad, because they were hostile to the Libyan "revolutionary leader", Mu'ammar al-Qaddafi (also spelled Moammar al-Khaddafi, al-Gaddafi, al-Qadhafi, al-Gadhdhafi, et cetera). <p> Civil war deepened. On <A HREF="../../d/de/december_15.html" title="December 15">15 December</A>, <A HREF="../../1/19/1980.html" title="1980">1980</A>, Libya occupied all of northern Chad, but Habr?defeated Libyan troops and drove them out on November 1981. On 1983, Qaddafi's troops occupied all of the country north of Koro Toro. One of Ronald Reagan's great errors was aiding Habr? The United States used a clandestine base in Chad to train captured Libyan soldiers whom it was organizing into an anti-Qaddafi force. The USA provided military aid and gave support to the tyrannical DSD. <p> <A NAME="The Defeat of Qaddafi and Fall of Habr?><H2>The Defeat of Qaddafi and Fall of Habr?/H2> Habr?s aid from the USA and France helped him win over Qaddafi. The Libyan occupation of the north of Koro Toro ended when Habr?defeated him on 1987. By that time, the war was beginning to end. The war had positively ended on 1988.<p> However, Habr?had little time to enjoy victory. People in Chad hating his brutal regime of terror and genocide. <A HREF="../../i/id/idriss_deby.html" title="Idriss D?y">Idriss D?y</A> finally deposed the tyrant on 1 December 1990. D?y installed himself as ruler ... and dictator. However, popular support for D?y was shown on on the <A HREF="../../m/ma/may_20.html" title="May 20">20 May</A>, <A HREF="../../2/20/2001.html" title="2001">2001</A> elections, where he defeated six other candidates with 2,161,287, which is 67.3%. The person in second place was Ngarlejy Yorongar, with 13.9%!<p> <A NAME="Human Rights"><H2>Human Rights</H2> Habr?killed thousands of people, but the exact number is unknown. His most brutal campaigns included genocide against ethnic groups in the south (1984), against the Hadjerai (1987), and against the Zaghawa (1989). He authorized tens of thousands of political murders and physical torture, according to <A HREF="http://hrw.org/justice/habre/intro_web2.htm." class="external">http://hrw.org/justice/habre/intro_web2.htm.</A></div><br><div id=footer><table border=0><tr><td> </td></tr></table></div><br><script type="text/javascript" src="../../googlead.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"></script> <br><script language="javascript" src="../../footer.js"></script><script src="http://www.google-analytics.com/urchin.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script type="text/javascript">_uacct = "UA-57414-7";urchinTracker();</script></body>  </html>